Institute for Central Asian AffairsMarkaziy Osiyo işlari instituti

Central Asia’sMarkaziy Osiyodiplomacydiplomatiyasi

The Institute for Central Asian Affairs produces independent research and policy analysis on the region’s foreign policy, its development, and its place in the world.Markaziy Osiyoning taşqi siyosati, iqtisodiyoti va tarixi böyiça mustaqil va puxta tadqiqotlar. Ularni mintaqani içkaridan biladigan tadqiqotçilar olib boradi.

39.0 millionPopulationAholi soni2026 census, preliminary count for 15 January 20262026-yilgi aholini röyxatga oliş, 15-yanvar holatiga dastlabki natija
USD 147 billionGross domestic product, 2025Yalpi içki mahsulot, 2025Statistics Agency, preliminaryStatistika agentligi, dastlabki
7.7%Real GDP growth, 2025YIMning real ösişi, 2025Statistics Agency, IMF and World Bank agreeStatistika agentligi, XVJ va Jahon banki maʼlumotlari mos keladi
USD 81.2 billionForeign trade turnover, 2025Taşqi savdo aylanmasi, 2025Goods and services, preliminaryTovarlar va xizmatlar, dastlabki
USD 18.9 billionRemittance inflows, 2025Pul ötkazmalari, 2025Central Bank data via news reportsMarkaziy bank maʼlumotlari, matbuot xabarlari asosida
6.5%Annual inflation, October 2026Yillik inflyatsiya, 2026-yil oktabrStatistics Agency via Gazeta.uzStatistika agentligi, Gazeta.uz orqali
LiveJonliOttawaOttavaTashkentToşkentWeather and air: Open-Meteo. Rates: Central Bank of Uzbekistan.Ob-havo va havo sifati: Open-Meteo. Kurslar: Özbekiston Markaziy banki.

AnalysisTahlil

Latest analysis.
Sourced and signed.
Sönggi tahlillar.
Manbali va imzoli.

All analysisBarça tahlillar
01
Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahlili

Central Asia's fastest opening, in two chartsMarkaziy Osiyoda eng tez oçilayotgan iqtisodiyot: ikki diagrammada

Uzbekistan's trade, remittances, visitor numbers and foreign investment have all risen sharply since 2020, and growth is forecast near 8 per cent.Özbekistonning savdosi, pul ötkazmalari, xorijliklar taşrifi va xorijiy investitsiyalari 2020-yildan buyon keskin oşdi, ösiş esa 8 foizga yaqin bölişi kutilmoqda.

Tashkent.
Photograph: Citiguide, CC BY-SA 3.0.Surat: Citiguide, CC BY-SA 3.0.
02
BriefingQisqa tahlil

Canada and Uzbekistan: a small relationship with room to growKanada va Özbekiston: kiçik, ammo ösiş imkoniyati katta munosabatlar

Two-way goods trade was about US$33 million in 2025. The institutions that would support more are only now being built.2025-yilda ikki tomonlama tovar ayirboşlaş taxminan 33 million AQŞ dollarini taşkil etdi. Uni kengaytirişga xizmat qiladigan tuzilmalar endigina şakllanmoqda.

Parliament Hill, Ottawa, seen from the Ottawa River.
Photograph: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.Surat: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.
03
Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahlili

Uzbekistan's trade in 2025: two partners, two exportsÖzbekistonning 2025-yildagi savdosi: ikki hamkor, ikki eksport mahsuloti

Turnover reached a record USD 81.2 billion. China and Russia account for more than a third of it, and gold and services for more than half of exports.Savdo aylanmasi rekord darajaga, yaʼni 81,2 milliard dollarga yetdi. Uning uçdan biridan köproği Xitoy va Rossiya hissasiga, eksportning yarmidan köpi esa oltin va xizmatlarga töğri keladi.

Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent.
Photograph: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.
04
ExplainerTuşuntiriş

Uzbekistan's revised alphabet: what changes on 22 April 2027Özbekistonning yangilangan alifbosi: 2027-yil 22-aprelda nima özgaradi

Four letters change and the alphabet settles at 28. This site already uses the new letters in its Uzbek edition.Törtta harf özgaradi va alifbo 28 harfdan iborat böladi. Uşbu saytning özbekça naşri yangi harflardan allaqaçon foydalanmoqda.

Signposts in Uzbek at the Tashkent Botanical Garden.
Photograph: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.
05
BriefingQisqa tahlil

Two unfinished files: the WTO and the European UnionIkki yakunlanmagan jarayon: Jahon savdo taşkiloti va Yevropa Ittifoqi

Uzbekistan is close to completing both, and has completed neither. Precision about their status matters.Özbekiston ikkala jarayonni ham yakunlaşga yaqin, ammo heç birini tugatgani yöq. Ularning holati haqida aniq gapiriş muhim.

The Centre William Rappard in Geneva, home of the World Trade Organization.
Photograph: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.

DataMaʼlumotlar

Uzbekistan
at a glance.
Özbekiston
bir qaraşda.

Country data for Central Asia, each figure with its source. The first country profile is Uzbekistan.Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari böyiça maʼlumotlar, har bir körsatkiç öz manbasi bilan. Birinçi mamlakat profili: Özbekiston.

All dataBarça maʼlumotlar

PopulationAholi soni

39.0millionmln

2026 census, preliminary count for 15 January 20262026-yilgi aholini röyxatga oliş, 15-yanvar holatiga dastlabki natija

Gross domestic product, 2025Yalpi içki mahsulot, 2025

147USD billionmlrd AQŞ dollari

Statistics Agency, preliminaryStatistika agentligi, dastlabki

Real GDP growth, 2025YIMning real ösişi, 2025

7.7%

Statistics Agency, IMF and World Bank agreeStatistika agentligi, XVJ va Jahon banki maʼlumotlari mos keladi

Foreign trade turnover, 2025Taşqi savdo aylanmasi, 2025

81.2USD billionmlrd AQŞ dollari

Goods and services, preliminaryTovarlar va xizmatlar, dastlabki

Real GDP growth in UzbekistanÖzbekistonda YIMning real ösişi

Annual change, per cent. The hollow point is a forecast.Yillik özgariş, foizda. Içi böş nuqta prognozni bildiradi.

IMF forecastXVJ prognozi0%2%4%6%8%10%2017201820191.6%20208.2%20212022202320247.7%2025Pandemic yearPandemiya yili7.8%2026
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilReal GDP growthYIM ösişi
201720174.7%
201820185.7%
201920196.8%
202020201.6%
202120218.2%
202220226.1%
202320236.3%
202420246.7%
202520257.7%
2026 (IMF forecast)2026 (XVJ prognozi)7.8%

Source: World Bank country data sheet, 2017 to 2025; IMF forecast for 2026, October 2026, as reported by Kun.uz.Manba: Jahon bankining mamlakat böyiça maʼlumotnomasi, 2017-2025; XVJning 2026-yil uçun prognozi, 2026-yil oktabr, Kun.uz xabari asosida.

In two languagesIkki tilda

The instituteInstitut

English

The Institute for Central Asian Affairs is an independent, non-partisan research institute based in Ottawa, the capital of Canada. It studies Central Asia: its foreign relations, its economies, its thought and its literature. Its current research concentrates on Uzbekistan. It publishes in English and Uzbek, and it brings scholars and practitioners in Canada and Central Asia into conversation.

Özbekça

Markaziy Osiyo işlari instituti Kanada poytaxti Ottavada joylaşgan mustaqil va xolis tadqiqot institutidir. Institut Markaziy Osiyoni, uning taşqi aloqalari, iqtisodiyoti, tafakkuri va adabiyotini örganadi. Hozirgi tadqiqotlari asosan Özbekistonga qaratilgan. U ingliz va özbek tillarida naşr etadi hamda Kanada va Markaziy Osiyo olimlari va amaliyotçilari örtasida muloqotni yölga qöyadi.

Work with
the institute.
Institut bilan
hamkorlik.

Scholars, practitioners and writers are invited to propose papers, translations and commentary, in English or Uzbek.Olimlar, amaliyotçilar va yozuvçilarni ingliz yoki özbek tilida maqolalar, tarjimalar va şarhlar taklif etişga çorlaymiz.

The Registan, Samarkand.

The Registan, Samarkand.Registon maydoni, Samarqand. Photograph: Ziegler175, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Ziegler175, CC BY-SA 4.0.

ICAA/AnalysisTahlil

AnalysisTahlil

Briefings, explainers and data notes on Central Asia and Canada's place in the region.Markaziy Osiyo va Kanadaning mintaqadagi örni haqida qisqa tahlillar, tuşuntirişlar va maʼlumotlar tahlili.

Tashkent.
Photograph: Citiguide, CC BY-SA 3.0.Surat: Citiguide, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahliliNovember 20262026-yil noyabr

Central Asia's fastest opening, in two chartsMarkaziy Osiyoda eng tez oçilayotgan iqtisodiyot: ikki diagrammada

Uzbekistan's trade, remittances, visitor numbers and foreign investment have all risen sharply since 2020, and growth is forecast near 8 per cent.Özbekistonning savdosi, pul ötkazmalari, xorijliklar taşrifi va xorijiy investitsiyalari 2020-yildan buyon keskin oşdi, ösiş esa 8 foizga yaqin bölişi kutilmoqda.

Parliament Hill, Ottawa, seen from the Ottawa River.
Photograph: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.Surat: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.
BriefingQisqa tahlilNovember 20262026-yil noyabr

Canada and Uzbekistan: a small relationship with room to growKanada va Özbekiston: kiçik, ammo ösiş imkoniyati katta munosabatlar

Two-way goods trade was about US$33 million in 2025. The institutions that would support more are only now being built.2025-yilda ikki tomonlama tovar ayirboşlaş taxminan 33 million AQŞ dollarini taşkil etdi. Uni kengaytirişga xizmat qiladigan tuzilmalar endigina şakllanmoqda.

Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent.
Photograph: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahliliNovember 20262026-yil noyabr

Uzbekistan's trade in 2025: two partners, two exportsÖzbekistonning 2025-yildagi savdosi: ikki hamkor, ikki eksport mahsuloti

Turnover reached a record USD 81.2 billion. China and Russia account for more than a third of it, and gold and services for more than half of exports.Savdo aylanmasi rekord darajaga, yaʼni 81,2 milliard dollarga yetdi. Uning uçdan biridan köproği Xitoy va Rossiya hissasiga, eksportning yarmidan köpi esa oltin va xizmatlarga töğri keladi.

Signposts in Uzbek at the Tashkent Botanical Garden.
Photograph: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.
ExplainerTuşuntirişNovember 20262026-yil noyabr

Uzbekistan's revised alphabet: what changes on 22 April 2027Özbekistonning yangilangan alifbosi: 2027-yil 22-aprelda nima özgaradi

Four letters change and the alphabet settles at 28. This site already uses the new letters in its Uzbek edition.Törtta harf özgaradi va alifbo 28 harfdan iborat böladi. Uşbu saytning özbekça naşri yangi harflardan allaqaçon foydalanmoqda.

The Centre William Rappard in Geneva, home of the World Trade Organization.
Photograph: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.
BriefingQisqa tahlilNovember 20262026-yil noyabr

Two unfinished files: the WTO and the European UnionIkki yakunlanmagan jarayon: Jahon savdo taşkiloti va Yevropa Ittifoqi

Uzbekistan is close to completing both, and has completed neither. Precision about their status matters.Özbekiston ikkala jarayonni ham yakunlaşga yaqin, ammo heç birini tugatgani yöq. Ularning holati haqida aniq gapiriş muhim.

What we publishBiz nimalarni naşr etamiz

We publish when the work is ready.Iş tayyor bölgandagina naşr etamiz.

ResearchTadqiqot

Longer studies built on documents, data and sources in their original languages.Hujjatlar, maʼlumotlar va asl tildagi manbalarga asoslangan kengroq tadqiqotlar.

Briefings and dataQisqa tahlil va maʼlumotlar

Short, sourced accounts of where an issue stands, with the numbers behind it.Masalaning hozirgi holati haqida manbali qisqa bayon va uning ortidagi raqamlar.

TranslationsTarjimalar

Uzbek writing, scholarship and documents made available in English.Özbek adabiyoti, ilmiy asarlari va hujjatlarining ingliz tilidagi naşri.

CommentaryŞarh

Signed arguments by scholars and practitioners. They are the authors' own.Olimlar va amaliyotçilarning imzoli mulohazalari. Ular mualliflarning şaxsiy qaraşlaridir.

ICAA/DataMaʼlumotlar

DataMaʼlumotlar

Country data for Central Asia, each figure with its source. The first country profile is Uzbekistan.Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari böyiça maʼlumotlar, har bir körsatkiç öz manbasi bilan. Birinçi mamlakat profili: Özbekiston.

Uzbekistan at a glanceÖzbekiston bir qaraşda

Figures as of 10 November 2026.Körsatkiçlar 2026-yil 10-noyabr holatiga köra.

PopulationAholi soni

39.0millionmln

2026 census, preliminary count for 15 January 20262026-yilgi aholini röyxatga oliş, 15-yanvar holatiga dastlabki natija

Gross domestic product, 2025Yalpi içki mahsulot, 2025

147USD billionmlrd AQŞ dollari

Statistics Agency, preliminaryStatistika agentligi, dastlabki

Real GDP growth, 2025YIMning real ösişi, 2025

7.7%

Statistics Agency, IMF and World Bank agreeStatistika agentligi, XVJ va Jahon banki maʼlumotlari mos keladi

Foreign trade turnover, 2025Taşqi savdo aylanmasi, 2025

81.2USD billionmlrd AQŞ dollari

Goods and services, preliminaryTovarlar va xizmatlar, dastlabki

Remittance inflows, 2025Pul ötkazmalari, 2025

18.9USD billionmlrd AQŞ dollari

Central Bank data via news reportsMarkaziy bank maʼlumotlari, matbuot xabarlari asosida

Annual inflation, October 2026Yillik inflyatsiya, 2026-yil oktabr

6.5%

Statistics Agency via Gazeta.uzStatistika agentligi, Gazeta.uz orqali

Growth and opennessÖsiş va oçiqlik

Uzbekistan's trade, remittances, visitor numbers and foreign investment have all risen sharply since 2020, and growth is forecast near 8 per cent.Özbekistonning savdosi, pul ötkazmalari, xorijliklar taşrifi va xorijiy investitsiyalari 2020-yildan buyon keskin oşdi, ösiş esa 8 foizga yaqin bölişi kutilmoqda.

Read the analysisTahlilni öqiş

Real GDP growth in UzbekistanÖzbekistonda YIMning real ösişi

Annual change, per cent. The hollow point is a forecast.Yillik özgariş, foizda. Içi böş nuqta prognozni bildiradi.

IMF forecastXVJ prognozi0%2%4%6%8%10%2017201820191.6%20208.2%20212022202320247.7%2025Pandemic yearPandemiya yili7.8%2026
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilReal GDP growthYIM ösişi
201720174.7%
201820185.7%
201920196.8%
202020201.6%
202120218.2%
202220226.1%
202320236.3%
202420246.7%
202520257.7%
2026 (IMF forecast)2026 (XVJ prognozi)7.8%

Source: World Bank country data sheet, 2017 to 2025; IMF forecast for 2026, October 2026, as reported by Kun.uz.Manba: Jahon bankining mamlakat böyiça maʼlumotnomasi, 2017-2025; XVJning 2026-yil uçun prognozi, 2026-yil oktabr, Kun.uz xabari asosida.

Four measures of an opening economyOçilayotgan iqtisodiyotning tört körsatkiçi

Uzbekistan, 2020 to 2025. Each panel has its own scale. Gaps mark years with no figure found.Özbekiston, 2020-2025. Har bir panelning öz ölçovi bor. Böş joylar körsatkiç topilmagan yillarni bildiradi.

Trade turnoverSavdo aylanmasiUSD 81.2 bnx2.2 since 20202020-yildan buyon x2.220202025Remittance inflowsPul ötkazmalariUSD 18.9 bnx3.1 since 20202020-yildan buyon x3.120202025Foreign visitor tripsXorijliklar taşrifi11.68 millionx7.8 since 20202020-yildan buyon x7.820202025Foreign direct investmentTöğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalarUSD 4.40 bnx1.9 since 20212021-yildan buyon x1.920202025
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilTrade turnoverSavdo aylanmasiRemittance inflowsPul ötkazmalariForeign visitor tripsXorijliklar taşrifiForeign direct investmentTöğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalar
2020202036.36.01.50
2021202142.28.11.882.28
2022202250.05.232.50
2023202363.511.46.632.16
2024202467.214.87.962.98
2025202581.218.911.684.40

Sources: Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (trade, visitor trips); Central Bank data via Kun.uz and Gazeta.uz (remittances); UNCTAD (foreign direct investment).Manbalar: Özbekiston Statistika agentligi (savdo, xorijliklar taşrifi); Markaziy bank maʼlumotlari, Kun.uz va Gazeta.uz orqali (pul ötkazmalari); UNCTAD (töğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalar).

TradeSavdo

Turnover reached a record USD 81.2 billion. China and Russia account for more than a third of it, and gold and services for more than half of exports.Savdo aylanmasi rekord darajaga, yaʼni 81,2 milliard dollarga yetdi. Uning uçdan biridan köproği Xitoy va Rossiya hissasiga, eksportning yarmidan köpi esa oltin va xizmatlarga töğri keladi.

Read the analysisTahlilni öqiş

Exports and importsEksport va import

Goods and services, USD billion, 2020 to 2025Tovarlar va xizmatlar, milliard AQŞ dollari, 2020-2025

  • ExportsEksport
  • ImportsImport
010203040502020202120222023202433.847.42025
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilExportsEksportImportsImport
2020202015.121.1
2021202116.725.5
2022202219.330.7
2023202324.938.7
2024202427.340.0
2025202533.847.4

Source: Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (stat.uz), annual foreign trade releases. 2025 is preliminary; 2017 and 2019 are rounded.Manba: Özbekiston Statistika agentligi (stat.uz), taşqi savdo böyiça yillik hisobotlar. 2025-yil dastlabki; 2017 va 2019-yillar yaxlitlangan.

Uzbekistan's ten largest trading partners, 2025Özbekistonning önta eng yirik savdo hamkori, 2025

Trade turnover, USD billion. Uzbekistan traded with 210 countries; these ten account for about 58% of the total, a share calculated by ICAA.Savdo aylanmasi, milliard AQŞ dollari. Özbekiston 210 ta mamlakat bilan savdo qilgan; uşbu öntalik umumiy hajmning taxminan 58 foizini taşkil etadi (ICAA hisobi).

ChinaXitoy17.2RussiaRossiya13.0KazakhstanQozoğiston5.0TürkiyeTurkiya3.0South KoreaJanubiy Koreya1.7AfghanistanAfğoniston1.7GermanyGermaniya1.4FranceFransiya1.4IndiaHindiston1.3United Arab EmiratesBirlaşgan Arab Amirliklari1.3
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
PartnerHamkorUSD billionMilliard dollar
ChinaXitoy17.2
RussiaRossiya13.0
KazakhstanQozoğiston5.0
TürkiyeTurkiya3.0
South KoreaJanubiy Koreya1.7
AfghanistanAfğoniston1.7
GermanyGermaniya1.4
FranceFransiya1.4
IndiaHindiston1.3
United Arab EmiratesBirlaşgan Arab Amirliklari1.3

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo and by Dunyo news agency. Values from the fourth partner down are rounded in the source.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo va Dunyo axborot agentligi xabarlari asosida. Törtinçi örindan boşlab qiymatlar manbada yaxlitlangan.

Where exports go and where imports come from, 2025Eksport qayerga ketadi va import qayerdan keladi, 2025

Each country's share of Uzbekistan's exports and of its imports, per cent. The two lists in the source name different countries.Har bir mamlakatning Özbekiston eksporti va importidagi uluşi, foizda. Manbadagi ikki röyxatda turli mamlakatlar keltirilgan.

  • Share of exportsEksportdagi uluşi
  • Share of importsImportdagi uluşi
Share of exportsEksportdagi uluşiShare of importsImportdagi uluşiChinaXitoy7.3%31.2%RussiaRossiya12.8%18.3%KazakhstanQozoğiston4.6%7.2%AfghanistanAfğoniston4.5%not reportedkörsatilmaganTürkiyeTurkiya3.4%4.0%South KoreaJanubiy Koreyanot reportedkörsatilmagan3.5%GermanyGermaniyanot reportedkörsatilmagan2.7%FranceFransiya2.6%not reportedkörsatilmaganIndiaHindistonnot reportedkörsatilmagan2.4%KyrgyzstanQirğiziston2.3%not reportedkörsatilmaganUnited Arab EmiratesBAA2.1%not reportedkörsatilmaganTajikistanTojikiston2.0%not reportedkörsatilmaganPakistanPokiston1.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
CountryMamlakatShare of exportsEksportdagi uluşiShare of importsImportdagi uluşi
ChinaXitoy7.3%31.2%
RussiaRossiya12.8%18.3%
KazakhstanQozoğiston4.6%7.2%
AfghanistanAfğoniston4.5%not reportedkörsatilmagan
TürkiyeTurkiya3.4%4.0%
South KoreaJanubiy Koreyanot reportedkörsatilmagan3.5%
GermanyGermaniyanot reportedkörsatilmagan2.7%
FranceFransiya2.6%not reportedkörsatilmagan
IndiaHindistonnot reportedkörsatilmagan2.4%
KyrgyzstanQirğiziston2.3%not reportedkörsatilmagan
United Arab EmiratesBAA2.1%not reportedkörsatilmagan
TajikistanTojikiston2.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan
PakistanPokiston1.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo xabari asosida.

What Uzbekistan sells abroad, 2025Özbekiston çetga nimalarni sotadi, 2025

Share of exports of goods and services, per cent. Textiles, counted across the goods groups, were 7.8% of exports; fruit and vegetables, within food, were 6.3%.Tovar va xizmatlar eksportidagi uluşi, foizda. Barça tovar guruhlari böyiça jamlab hisoblanganda, töqimaçilik mahsulotlari eksportning 7,8 foizini, oziq-ovqat tarkibidagi meva-sabzavot esa 6,3 foizini taşkil etdi.

29.3%GoldOltinUSD 9.9 billion9,9 mlrd dollarServices, 28.9%Xizmatlar, 28.9%14.5%TravelSayohat xizmatlari9.5%TransportTransport xizmatlari2.7%Telecommunications and ITTelekommunikatsiya va AT2.2%Other servicesBoşqa xizmatlarGoods other than gold, 41.8%Oltindan boşqa tovarlar, 41.8%11.8%Industrial goodsSanoat tovarlari8.7%Food and live animalsOziq-ovqat va tirik hayvonlar6.3%ChemicalsKimyo mahsulotlari5.6%Other goodsBoşqa tovarlar5.0%Finished goodsTayyor mahsulotlar4.4%Mineral fuelsMineral yoqilği
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
CategoryToifaShare of exportsEksportdagi uluşi
GoldOltin29.3%
TravelSayohat xizmatlari14.5%
TransportTransport xizmatlari9.5%
Telecommunications and ITTelekommunikatsiya va AT2.7%
Other servicesBoşqa xizmatlar2.2%
Industrial goodsSanoat tovarlari11.8%
Food and live animalsOziq-ovqat va tirik hayvonlar8.7%
ChemicalsKimyo mahsulotlari6.3%
Other goodsBoşqa tovarlar5.6%
Finished goodsTayyor mahsulotlar5.0%
Mineral fuelsMineral yoqilği4.4%

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo. The split of services and "Other goods" are calculated by ICAA from the reported shares.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo xabari asosida. Xizmatlar taqsimoti va "Boşqa tovarlar" eʼlon qilingan uluşlar asosida ICAA tomonidan hisoblangan.

Where key files standAsosiy masalalar qay holatda

Uzbekistan is close to completing both, and has completed neither. Precision about their status matters.Özbekiston ikkala jarayonni ham yakunlaşga yaqin, ammo heç birini tugatgani yöq. Ularning holati haqida aniq gapiriş muhim.

Read the analysisTahlilni öqiş

Bilateral market access agreements depositedTaqdim etilgan ikki tomonlama bozorga kiriş bitimlari

Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization, as of the July 2026 Working Party meetingÖzbekistonning Jahon savdo taşkilotiga aʼzo böliş jarayoni, 2026-yil iyuldagi Işçi guruh yiğilişi holatiga köra

31 / 34

View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
MeasureKörsatkiçValueQiymat
Agreements depositedTaqdim etilgan bitimlar31 / 34

Source: World Trade Organization, Working Party on the accession of Uzbekistan, 27 to 28 July 2026.Manba: Jahon savdo taşkiloti, Özbekistonning aʼzo bölişi böyiça Işçi guruh, 2026-yil 27-28-iyul.

World Trade OrganizationJahon savdo taşkiloti

Not a memberAʼzo emas
  1. 19941994Application for accessionAʼzolikka ariza berilgan
  2. July 20262026-yil iyul13th Working Party meeting. 31 of 34 bilateral market access agreements deposited.Işçi guruhning 13-yiğilişi. Bozorga kiriş böyiça 34 ta ikki tomonlama bitimdan 31 tasi taqdim etilgan.
  3. November 20262026-yil noyabrPreparing for a 14th meeting14-yiğilişga tayyorgarlik
  4. PendingKutilmoqdaMembershipAʼzolik

European UnionYevropa Ittifoqi

Signed, not in forceImzolangan, kuçga kirmagan
  1. 24 October 20252025-yil 24-oktabrEnhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signedKengaytirilgan şeriklik va hamkorlik töğrisidagi bitim imzolangan
  2. 20 May 20262026-yil 20-mayEuropean Parliament gives its consentYevropa Parlamenti rozilik bergan
  3. November 20262026-yil noyabrMember states are ratifyingAʼzo davlatlar ratifikatsiya qilmoqda
  4. PendingKutilmoqdaEntry into forceKuçga kirişi

Credit ratingsKredit reytinglari

  • S&PBB
  • FitchPositive outlookIjobiy prognozBB
  • Moody'sBa2

Official statistics are revised after first release, and some series exist in more than one definition. Each chart names one source. Population is shown on the 2026 census basis; the administrative register gave 38.5 million on 1 July 2026.Rasmiy statistika dastlabki eʼlondan keyin qayta körib çiqiladi, ayrim körsatkiçlar esa bir neça taʼrifda mavjud. Har bir diagrammada bitta manba körsatilgan. Aholi soni 2026-yilgi röyxatga oliş asosida berilgan; maʼmuriy hisob böyiça 2026-yil 1-iyulda u 38,5 million edi.

ICAA/HistoryTarix

Fourteen centuries of diplomacy on one mapÖn tört asrlik diplomatiya bitta xaritada

Nine eras, from the Sogdian envoys to the present. Choose one to begin there.Söğd elçilaridan bugungi kungaça töqqiz davr. Boşlaş uçun birini tanlang.

ErasDavrlar

01 / 09 · To about 750Taxminan 750-yilgaça

313

Sogdiana and the Silk RoadSöğd va Buyuk ipak yöli

Sogdiana was never a single state. Its oasis cities, Samarkand and Bukhara among them, served as commercial and diplomatic intermediaries between China, the Turkic khaganates and the Iranian world.Söğd heç qaçon yagona davlat bölmagan. Uning voha şaharlari, jumladan Samarqand va Buxoro, Xitoy, turk xoqonliklari va Eron dunyosi örtasida savdo va diplomatik vositaçi vazifasini bajargan.

The Afrasiab wall paintings, Samarkand, mid-7th century.

The Afrasiab wall paintings, Samarkand, mid-7th century.Afrosiyob devoriy suratlari, Samarqand, VII asr örtalari. Public domain.Jamoat mulki.

02 / 09 · 819 to 1221819-1221

819

Samanids, scholars and the KhwarazmshahsSomoniylar, olimlar va Xorazmşohlar

From Bukhara the Samanids ruled Transoxiana and Khurasan, independent in practice while formally loyal to the caliph in Baghdad. The region's scholars became its most lasting contribution to the world.Somoniylar Buxorodan turib Movarounnahr va Xurosonni boşqargan, Bağdoddagi xalifaga rasman sodiq qolgan holda amalda mustaqil bölgan. Mintaqa olimlari uning dunyoga qöşgan eng bardavom hissasiga aylandi.

The Po-i-Kalyan complex, Bukhara.

The Po-i-Kalyan complex, Bukhara.Poyi Kalon majmuasi, Buxoro. Photograph: Maksimsokolov, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Maksimsokolov, CC BY-SA 4.0.

03 / 09 · 1370 to 15071370-1507

1370

The Timurid eraTemuriylar davri

Timur built an empire centred on Samarkand and exchanged envoys with rulers from Castile to China. His successors made the region a centre of science and letters.Amir Temur markazi Samarqand bölgan saltanat barpo etdi va Kastiliyadan Xitoygaça bölgan hukmdorlar bilan elçilar almaşdi. Uning vorislari mintaqani ilm-fan va adabiyot markaziga aylantirdi.

The Shah-i Zinda necropolis, Samarkand, about 1911.

The Shah-i Zinda necropolis, Samarkand, about 1911.Şohi Zinda majmuasi, Samarqand, taxminan 1911-yil. Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, Library of Congress. Public domain.Sergey Prokudin-Gorskiy, AQŞ Kongress kutubxonasi. Jamoat mulki.

04 / 09 · 1500 to 18651500-1865

1500

The khanates and the Emirate of BukharaXonliklar va Buxoro amirligi

Three states conducted the region's external relations: Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand. They dealt with Muscovy, Iran and India, and later became objects of rivalry between the British and Russian empires.Mintaqaning taşqi aloqalarini uç davlat olib borgan: Buxoro, Xiva va Qöqon. Ular Moskva davlati, Eron va Hindiston bilan munosabatda bölgan, keyinçalik esa Britaniya va Rossiya imperiyalari raqobati maydoniga aylangan.

The Shir-Dar madrasa on the Registan, Samarkand, 1905 to 1915.

The Shir-Dar madrasa on the Registan, Samarkand, 1905 to 1915.Registondagi Şerdor madrasasi, Samarqand, 1905-1915. Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, Library of Congress. Public domain.Sergey Prokudin-Gorskiy, AQŞ Kongress kutubxonasi. Jamoat mulki.

05 / 09 · 1865 to 19171865-1917

1865

Russian conquest and the Jadid awakeningRossiya istilosi va jadidlar uyğonişi

The Russian Empire conquered the region in little more than a decade. A generation later the Jadid reformers argued for new schools, a press and a place in the wider world.Rossiya imperiyasi mintaqani ön yildan sal köproq vaqt içida bosib oldi. Bir avloddan söng jadid islohotçilari yangi maktablar, matbuot va keng dunyoda munosib örin zarurligini yoqlab çiqdi.

A plate from the Turkestan Album, 1871 to 1872.

A plate from the Turkestan Album, 1871 to 1872."Turkiston albomi"dan lavha, 1871-1872. Public domain.Jamoat mulki.

06 / 09 · 1917 to 19411917-1941

1917

Revolution and the making of Soviet UzbekistanInqilob va Sovet Özbekistonining taşkil topişi

For a few years local governments conducted their own external relations. The Soviet state then closed that space, drew new borders and silenced the generation that had imagined an alternative.Bir neça yil davomida mahalliy hukumatlar taşqi aloqalarni özlari olib bordi. Söng Sovet davlati bu imkoniyatni yopdi, yangi çegaralar çizdi va boşqaça kelajakni tasavvur qilgan avlodning ovozini öçirdi.

07 / 09 · 1941 to 19911941-1991

1941

Tashkent as a meeting place for Asia and AfricaToşkent: Osiyo va Afrika uçraşgan şahar

Uzbekistan had no foreign policy of its own in this period, but Tashkent became a city of conferences, festivals and one peace agreement known around the world.Bu davrda Özbekistonning mustaqil taşqi siyosati bölmagan, ammo Toşkent anjumanlar, festivallar va butun dunyoga tanilgan bir tinçlik bitimi şahriga aylandi.

08 / 09 · 1991 to 20161991-2016

1991

Independence and self-relianceMustaqillik va öz kuçiga tayaniş

Independent Uzbekistan guarded its sovereignty closely, joining and leaving alliances as its interests changed and adopting a policy of no foreign bases and no military blocs.Mustaqil Özbekiston öz suverenitetini qattiq himoya qildi, manfaatlari özgarişiga qarab ittifoqlarga qöşildi va ulardan çiqdi hamda xorijiy harbiy bazalarga joy bermaslik va harbiy bloklarga qöşilmaslik siyosatini qabul qildi.

Amir Temur Square, Tashkent, seen from Hotel Uzbekistan.

Amir Temur Square, Tashkent, seen from Hotel Uzbekistan.Amir Temur xiyoboni, Toşkent. Photograph: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.

09 / 09 · 2016 to 20262016-2026

2016

Opening and regional leadershipOçiliş va mintaqaviy yetakçilik

Since 2016 Uzbekistan has reopened to its neighbours, settled its borders and become a regular host of regional and international summits.2016-yildan buyon Özbekiston qöşnilariga qayta oçildi, çegara masalalarini hal etdi va mintaqaviy hamda xalqaro sammitlarning doimiy mezboniga aylandi.

The International Business Center, Tashkent.

The International Business Center, Tashkent.Xalqaro biznes markazi, Toşkent. Photograph: Guidecity, CC BY-SA 3.0.Surat: Guidecity, CC BY-SA 3.0.

SamarkandSamarqandDunhuangDunxuanChang'anÇanʼanMervMarvBaghdadBağdodTalasTalasBukharaBuxoroSamarkandSamarqandKhwarazmXorazmGhaznaĞaznaHamadanHamadonBaghdadBağdodOtrarÖtrorSamarkandSamarqandCastileKastiliyaConstantinopleKonstantinopolHeratHirotBeijingPekinLondonLondonMoscowMoskvaAstrakhanAstraxanKhivaXivaBukharaBuxoroKokandQöqonKrasnovodskKrasnovodskSamarkandSamarqandTashkentToşkentOrenburgOrenburgBukharaBuxoroKhivaXivaKokandQöqonBukharaBuxoroSamarkandSamarqandTashkentToşkentTashkentToşkentDelhiDehliRawalpindiRavalpindiCairoQohiraMoscowMoskvaTashkentToşkentKarshi-KhanabadQarşi-XonobodAndijanAndijonSamarkandSamarqandSamarkandSamarqandBrusselsBryusselTokyoTokioAstanaOstona

Key momentsAsosiy voqealar

  1. 313 to 314313-314The Sogdian "Ancient Letters", found near Dunhuang, include one addressed to a merchant's home office in Samarkand. The date is debated.Dunxuan yaqinidan topilgan söğdça "Qadimgi xatlar" orasida Samarqanddagi savdo uyiga yöllangan maktub ham bor. Sanasi bahsli.
  2. Mid-7th centuryVII asr örtalariThe wall paintings at Afrasiab are made for King Varkhuman of Samarkand. They are usually read as envoys bringing gifts to his court.Afrosiyob devoriy suratlari Samarqand hukmdori Varxuman uçun yaratiladi. Ular odatda uning saroyiga sovğa olib kelayotgan elçilar tasviri deb talqin qilinadi.
  3. 709 to 712709-712Arab armies under Qutayba ibn Muslim take Bukhara and besiege Samarkand.Qutayba ibn Muslim boşçiligidagi arab qöşinlari Buxoroni egallaydi va Samarqandni qamal qiladi.
  4. 751751Arab and Tang Chinese forces meet at the Battle of Talas, near today's border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.Arab va Xitoyning Tan sulolasi qöşinlari hozirgi Qozoğiston va Qirğiziston çegarasi yaqinidagi Talas jangida töqnaşadi.
  1. 819 to 999819-999The Samanid dynasty rules from Bukhara.Somoniylar sulolasi Buxorodan hukmronlik qiladi.
  2. 810 to 870810-870Al-Bukhari, born in Bukhara, compiles one of the most authoritative collections of hadith.Buxoroda tuğilgan Imom al-Buxoriy eng mötabar hadis töplamlaridan birini tuzadi.
  3. 973 to 1048973-1048Al-Biruni, born in Khwarazm, becomes one of the leading scientists of his age.Xorazmda tuğilgan Abu Rayhon Beruniy öz davrining yetakçi olimlaridan biriga aylanadi.
  4. 980 to 1037980-1037Ibn Sina, born near Bukhara, writes the Canon of Medicine.Buxoro yaqinida tuğilgan Ibn Sino "Tib qonunlari" asarini yozadi.
  5. 1218 to 12201218-1220A Mongol trade caravan is seized at Otrar, in present-day Kazakhstan. Samarkand surrenders to the Mongols in March 1220.Hozirgi Qozoğiston hududidagi Ötrorda möğul savdo karvoni tortib olinadi. 1220-yil martda Samarqand möğullarga taslim böladi.
  1. 14041404The Castilian ambassador Ruy González de Clavijo reaches Samarkand on 4 September, is received by Timur on 8 September and leaves on 21 November.Kastiliya elçisi Ruy Gonsales de Klavixo 4-sentabrda Samarqandga yetib keladi, 8-sentabrda Amir Temur qabulida böladi va 21-noyabrda jönab ketadi.
  2. 14051405Timur dies at Otrar on 19 February while marching on China.Amir Temur 19-fevralda Xitoyga yuriş paytida Ötrorda vafot etadi.
  3. 1419 to 14201419-1420A Timurid embassy leaves Herat in November 1419 and reaches Beijing in December 1420.Temuriylar elçiligi 1419-yil noyabrda Hirotdan yölga çiqib, 1420-yil dekabrda Pekinga yetib boradi.
  4. 14281428Ulugh Beg begins his observatory in Samarkand.Mirzo Uluğbek Samarqandda rasadxonasini qurişni boşlaydi.
  5. 1500 to 15071500-1507Muhammad Shaybani takes Samarkand and Herat. Babur leaves for Kabul and later founds the Mughal dynasty in India.Muhammad Şayboniyxon Samarqand va Hirotni egallaydi. Bobur Kobulga ketadi va keyinçalik Hindistonda Boburiylar sulolasiga asos soladi.
  1. 1558 to 15591558-1559The English merchant-envoy Anthony Jenkinson arrives in Bukhara on 23 December 1558 and leaves on 8 March 1559, accompanied by envoys to the Russian tsar.Ingliz savdogar-elçisi Entoni Jenkinson 1558-yil 23-dekabrda Buxoroga keladi va 1559-yil 8-martda rus podşosi huzuriga yöl olgan elçilar hamrohligida jönab ketadi.
  2. 17171717A Russian military expedition against Khiva is destroyed.Rossiyaning Xivaga qarşi harbiy yurişi tor-mor etiladi.
  3. 17401740Nadir Shah of Iran invades the region.Eron hukmdori Nodirşoh mintaqaga bostirib kiradi.
  4. 17851785The rulers of Bukhara begin to style themselves emirs.Buxoro hukmdorlari özlarini amir deb atay boşlaydi.
  5. June 18421842-yil iyunThe British officers Charles Stoddart and Arthur Conolly are executed in Bukhara.Britaniya zobitlari Çarlz Stoddart va Artur Konolli Buxoroda qatl etiladi.
  1. 18651865Russian troops take Tashkent in June.Rossiya qöşinlari iyun oyida Toşkentni egallaydi.
  2. 1868 to 18731868-1873Bukhara becomes dependent on Russia after the treaty of 1868, a status formalised in 1873. Khiva signs its treaty in August 1873.Buxoro 1868-yilgi şartnomadan keyin Rossiyaga qaram bölib qoladi, bu maqom 1873-yilda rasmiylaştiriladi. Xiva öz şartnomasini 1873-yil avgustda imzolaydi.
  3. 18761876The Khanate of Kokand is annexed.Qöqon xonligi tugatilib, Rossiyaga qöşib olinadi.
  4. 19061906The first issue of the Tashkent newspaper Taraqqiy appears on 27 June.Toşkentda "Taraqqiy" gazetasining birinçi soni 27-iyunda çiqadi.
  5. 1911 to 19141911-1914Mahmudkhoja Behbudi writes the play Padarkush in 1911. It is first performed in Samarkand in January 1914.Mahmudxöja Behbudiy 1911-yilda "Padarkuş" dramasini yozadi. Asar ilk bor 1914-yil yanvarda Samarqandda sahnalaştiriladi.
  6. 19161916An uprising breaks out against a decree conscripting the population for labour.Aholini mardikorlikka safarbar qiliş haqidagi farmonga qarşi qözğolon kötariladi.
  1. 27 November 19171917-yil 27-noyabrA congress at Kokand declares the autonomy of Turkestan. The city falls to Soviet forces in February 1918.Qöqondagi qurultoy Turkiston muxtoriyatini eʼlon qiladi. Şahar 1918-yil fevralda Sovet qöşinlari tomonidan egallanadi.
  2. 19201920The emir of Bukhara flees and the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic is proclaimed on 8 October.Buxoro amiri qoçadi va 8-oktabrda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi eʼlon qilinadi.
  3. 27 October 19241924-yil 27-oktabrThe Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic is created.Özbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi taşkil etiladi.
  4. 1929 and 19401929 va 1940Uzbek is written in a Latin alphabet from 1929 and in Cyrillic from 1940.Özbek yozuvi 1929-yildan lotin alifbosiga, 1940-yildan kirill alifbosiga ötkaziladi.
  5. 19301930The capital moves from Samarkand to Tashkent.Poytaxt Samarqanddan Toşkentga köçiriladi.
  6. 4 October 19381938-yil 4-oktabrThe writers Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulhamid Cholpon and Abdulla Qodiriy are executed on the same day.Yozuvçilar Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulhamid Çölpon va Abdulla Qodiriy bir kunda qatl etiladi.
  1. 1941 to 19451941-1945Tashkent is among the main destinations for civilians evacuated during the war.Toşkent uruş yillarida evakuatsiya qilingan tinç aholi uçun asosiy manzillardan biri böladi.
  2. 7 to 13 October 19581958-yil 7-13-oktabrThe Afro-Asian Writers' Conference meets in Tashkent.Toşkentda Osiyo va Afrika yozuvçilari konferensiyasi ötkaziladi.
  3. 10 January 19661966-yil 10-yanvarIndia and Pakistan sign the Tashkent Declaration after the war of 1965.Hindiston va Pokiston 1965-yilgi uruşdan söng Toşkent deklaratsiyasini imzolaydi.
  4. 26 April 19661966-yil 26-aprelAn earthquake leaves between 200,000 and 300,000 people homeless. The city is rebuilt.Zilzila oqibatida 200 mingdan 300 minggaça odam boşpanasiz qoladi. Şahar qayta quriladi.
  5. 19681968Tashkent hosts the first festival of Asian and African cinema.Toşkentda Osiyo va Afrika mamlakatlari kinofestivali ilk bor ötkaziladi.
  6. 20 June 19901990-yil 20-iyunThe republic adopts a declaration of state sovereignty.Respublika davlat suvereniteti töğrisidagi deklaratsiyani qabul qiladi.
  1. 31 August 19911991-yil 31-avgustUzbekistan declares independence.Özbekiston mustaqilligini eʼlon qiladi.
  2. 2 March 19921992-yil 2-martUzbekistan is admitted to the United Nations.Özbekiston Birlaşgan Millatlar Taşkilotiga qabul qilinadi.
  3. 8 December 19921992-yil 8-dekabrThe Constitution is adopted.Konstitutsiya qabul qilinadi.
  4. 2001 to 20052001-2005United States forces use the Karshi-Khanabad air base from October 2001 until November 2005.AQŞ kuçlari Qarşi-Xonobod aviabazasidan 2001-yil oktabrdan 2005-yil noyabrgaça foydalanadi.
  5. 13 May 20052005-yil 13-mayThe Andijan events. The government reported 187 dead; human rights groups estimate between 500 and 1,500.Andijon voqealari. Hukumat 187 kişi halok bölganini maʼlum qilgan; inson huquqlari taşkilotlari bu sonni 500 dan 1500 gaça deb baholaydi.
  6. August 20122012-yil avgustA Foreign Policy Concept sets out the principles of no foreign bases, no military blocs and no troops abroad.Taşqi siyosat konsepsiyasi xorijiy bazalarga, harbiy bloklarga va çet elga qöşin yuborişga yöl qöymaslik tamoyillarini belgilaydi.
  7. 2 September 20162016-yil 2-sentabrThe death of President Islam Karimov is announced.Prezident Islom Karimovning vafoti eʼlon qilinadi.
  1. September 20172017-yil sentabrThe currency is liberalised on 5 September. At the United Nations, the president names Central Asia the main priority of foreign policy.5-sentabrda valyuta bozori erkinlaştiriladi. Prezident BMT minbaridan Markaziy Osiyoni taşqi siyosatning asosiy ustuvor yönalişi deb eʼlon qiladi.
  2. March 20182018-yil martThe first Consultative Meeting of the heads of state of Central Asia is held in Astana. Eight have been held to October 2026.Ostonada Markaziy Osiyo davlat rahbarlarining birinçi Maslahat uçraşuvi ötkaziladi. 2026-yil oktabrgaça sakkizta şunday uçraşuv bölib ötgan.
  3. September 20222022-yil sentabrSamarkand hosts the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.Samarqand Şanxay hamkorlik taşkiloti sammitiga mezbonlik qiladi.
  4. January 20232023-yil yanvarKyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan complete the delimitation of their border.Qirğiziston va Özbekiston çegarani delimitatsiya qilişni yakunlaydi.
  5. 31 March 20252025-yil 31-martThe presidents of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan sign a treaty on the junction of their three borders at Khujand.Qirğiziston, Tojikiston va Özbekiston prezidentlari Xöjandda uç davlat çegaralari tutaşgan nuqta töğrisidagi şartnomani imzolaydi.
  6. 3 to 4 April 20252025-yil 3-4-aprelSamarkand hosts the first summit between the European Union and Central Asia.Samarqandda Yevropa Ittifoqi va Markaziy Osiyo örtasidagi birinçi sammit bölib ötadi.
  7. 21 October 20262026-yil 21-oktabrThe law revising the Uzbek Latin alphabet is signed.Özbek lotin alifbosini yangilaş töğrisidagi qonun imzolanadi.

ICAA/CommentaryŞarh

CommentaryŞarh

Signed pieces that argue a case. They are not the institute's research and do not represent an institutional position.Muayyan fikrni himoya qiladigan imzoli maqolalar. Ular institut tadqiqoti emas va institutning rasmiy pozitsiyasini ifodalamaydi.

Write for usMaqola taklif eting

Scholars, practitioners and writers from Central Asia, Canada and elsewhere are invited to propose commentary in English or Uzbek.Markaziy Osiyo, Kanada va boşqa mamlakatlardan olimlar, amaliyotçilar va yozuvçilarni ingliz yoki özbek tilida şarhlar taklif etişga çorlaymiz.

Contact the instituteInstitut bilan boğlaniş

ICAA/ResearchTadqiqot

What the institute studiesInstitut nimani örganadi

Three programmes on Central Asia and its place in the world.Markaziy Osiyo va uning dunyodagi örni böyiça uç dastur.

The walls of Itchan Kala, Khiva.

The walls of Itchan Kala, Khiva.Içan qalʼa devorlari, Xiva. Photograph: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.

I

Foreign Policy and DiplomacyTaşqi siyosat va diplomatiya

How the states of Central Asia set their priorities among their neighbours and the major powers. Current work concentrates on Uzbekistan.Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari qöşnilari va yirik davlatlar orasida ustuvor yönalişlarini qanday belgilaydi. Hozirgi işlar asosan Özbekistonga qaratilgan.

Questions we are askingBiz javob izlayotgan savollar

  • How do the Central Asian states balance their relations with Russia, China, the United States, Türkiye and the European Union?Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari Rossiya, Xitoy, AQŞ, Turkiya va Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan munosabatlarini qanday muvozanatda saqlaydi?
  • What has cooperation among the five Central Asian states achieved since 2016, and where has it stalled?2016-yildan buyon Markaziy Osiyoning beş davlati örtasidagi hamkorlik nimalarga erişdi va qayerda töxtab qoldi?
  • How do water, energy and transport corridors shape the region's diplomacy?Suv, energetika va transport yölaklari mintaqa diplomatiyasini qanday şakllantiradi?
II

Thought, Literature and CultureTafakkur, adabiyot va madaniyat

The ideas, books and traditions of the region, studied through their sources and translated for English-language readers.Mintaqaning ğoyalari, kitoblari va anʼanalari manbalar asosida örganiladi va ingliz tilidagi öquvçilar uçun tarjima qilinadi.

Questions we are askingBiz javob izlayotgan savollar

  • Which works of the region's literature and scholarship most deserve an English-language readership, and how should they be translated?Mintaqa adabiyoti va ilm-fanining qaysi asarlari ingliz tilida öqilişga eng loyiq va ular qanday tarjima qilinişi kerak?
  • What did the Jadid reformers of the early twentieth century think about sovereignty and the wider world?XX asr boşidagi jadid islohotçilari suverenitet va taşqi dunyo haqida qanday fikrda bölgan?
  • Which ideas recur in Uzbekistan's foreign policy documents since 1991, and how have their meanings changed?1991-yildan buyon Özbekistonning taşqi siyosat hujjatlarida qaysi ğoyalar takrorlanadi va ularning maʼnosi qanday özgargan?
III

Canada and Central AsiaKanada va Markaziy Osiyo

A relationship that has received little sustained study, examined in conversation with scholars in the region.Hozirgaça kam örganilgan munosabatlar mintaqa olimlari bilan muloqotda tadqiq etiladi.

Questions we are askingBiz javob izlayotgan savollar

  • Where do Canadian and Central Asian interests meet, from energy and mining to education and trade?Kanada va Markaziy Osiyo manfaatlari energetika va konçilikdan tortib taʼlim va savdogaça qayerda tutaşadi?
  • What would a considered Canadian policy toward Central Asia look like?Kanadaning Markaziy Osiyoga nisbatan puxta öylangan siyosati qanday bölişi mumkin?
  • How do Uzbek and Central Asian communities in Canada figure in the relationship?Kanadadagi özbek va markaziy osiyolik jamoalar bu munosabatlarda qanday örin tutadi?

ApproachYondaşuv

How we workBiz qanday işlaymiz

Sources firstAvvalo manbalar

We work from documents, data and texts in their original languages, and we cite what we use.Biz hujjatlar, maʼlumotlar va matnlar bilan asl tilida işlaymiz hamda foydalangan manbalarimizni körsatamiz.

Two languagesIkki til

We publish in English and Uzbek, so that the people we write about can read and answer the work.Biz ingliz va özbek tillarida naşr etamiz, toki biz ular haqida yozayotgan insonlar işimizni öqib, unga javob bera olsin.

Open to scholarsOlimlar uçun oçiq

We welcome researchers, translators and writers from Uzbekistan, Canada and beyond.Özbekiston, Kanada va boşqa mamlakatlardan tadqiqotçilar, tarjimonlar va yozuvçilar bilan hamkorlikka oçiqmiz.

ICAA/AboutInstitut haqida

About the instituteInstitut haqida

An independent, non-partisan research institute based in Ottawa, Canada's capital.Kanada poytaxti Ottavada joylaşgan mustaqil va xolis tadqiqot instituti.

Ottawa.

Ottawa.Ottava. Photograph: Michel Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0.Surat: Michel Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0.

PurposeMaqsad

Why the institute existsInstitut nima uçun taşkil etildi

IndependentMustaqil

The institute is non-partisan. Its research questions and its conclusions are its own.Institut heç bir siyosiy kuç tarafdori emas. Tadqiqot savollarini ham, xulosalarini ham özi belgilaydi.

Central Asia is drawing more of the world’s attention than at any point in living memory. Governments, investors, scholars, and travellers are turning toward the region, and it is changing faster than outside knowledge of it is growing. Its diplomacy, economies, scholarship and literature are studied far less in English than their importance warrants.Markaziy Osiyo bugun dunyo eʼtiborini yaqin tarixda heç qaçon bölmaganidek öziga tortmoqda. Hukumatlar, sarmoyadorlar, olimlar va sayohatçilar mintaqaga yuz burmoqda, mintaqa esa taşqi dunyoning u haqidagi bilimi ösayotganidan tezroq özgarmoqda. Uning diplomatiyasi, iqtisodiyoti, ilm-fani va adabiyoti ingliz tilida öz ahamiyatiga yaraşa örganilmagan.

That attention is an opportunity, but it carries a risk. A region that is newly discovered is easily misread. Its story can be written by those who see only its resources or its geography, and who mistake a brief acquaintance for understanding.Bu eʼtibor imkoniyatdir, biroq u xavfdan ham xoli emas. Yangi kaşf etilgan mintaqani notöğri tuşuniş oson. Uning hikoyasini faqat boyliklari yoki juğrofiyasini köradigan, yuzaki tanişuvni çuqur bilim deb öylaydiganlar yozib qöyişi mumkin.

The institute holds that Central Asia deserves better than to be misconstrued, mislabelled, or reduced to a headline. Beneath the surface that outsiders first encounter lies a great deal that remains unseen: the depth of its histories, the richness and subtlety of its cultures, the ideas and ideologies that move its societies, and the anxieties that shape how its states conduct themselves. To present the region without these is to present it falsely. Those who know it from within have a duty to bring this fuller picture forward, and to do it justice.Institut Markaziy Osiyo notöğri talqin qilinişga, unga yorliq yopiştirilişiga yoki bitta sarlavhaga siğdirilişiga loyiq emas, deb hisoblaydi. Çetdan kelganlar ilk bor köradigan taşqi qiyofa ortida hali körilmagan juda köp narsa bor: tarixining teranligi, madaniyatlarining boyligi va nozikligi, jamiyatlarini harakatga keltiradigan ğoyalar va mafkuralar, davlatlarining xatti-harakatini belgilaydigan xavotirlar. Mintaqani bularsiz körsatiş uni notöğri körsatiş demakdir. Mintaqani içkaridan biladiganlar ana şu töliqroq manzarani oçib berişga va uni haqqoniy aks ettirişga burçlidir.

That duty looks to the future as much as the past. As the states of the region open further, the terms on which they meet the world are still being set. The institute aims to help shape that opening so that it strengthens what matters most: the dignity of the region’s peoples, the sovereignty of its states, and the culture and history that give them their character. Engagement with the world should not come at the cost of identity.Bu burç ötmiş qatori kelajakka ham qaratilgan. Mintaqa davlatlari yanada oçilar ekan, ularning dunyo bilan qanday şartlarda munosabatga kirişişi hali belgilanmoqda. Institut bu oçiliş eng muhim narsalarni mustahkamlaşiga hissa qöşişni maqsad qilgan: mintaqa xalqlarining qadr-qimmati, davlatlarining suvereniteti hamda ularga öziga xoslik baxş etadigan madaniyat va tarix. Dunyo bilan aloqa özlikni yöqotiş evaziga bölmasligi kerak.

The Institute for Central Asian Affairs was established as an answer to that challenge. It studies the region’s foreign relations, makes its thought and writing available to English-language readers, and connects scholars and practitioners in Canada and Central Asia. It is conceived as a unifying platform for bold, intelligent young Uzbeks and Central Asians wherever they live, from Tashkent to Toronto, whose knowledge and ambition have too often been scattered across the world without a common home.Markaziy Osiyo işlari instituti ana şu ehtiyojga javoban taşkil etilgan. U mintaqaning taşqi aloqalarini örganadi, uning tafakkuri va adabiyotini ingliz tilidagi öquvçilarga yetkazadi hamda Kanada va Markaziy Osiyo olimlari va amaliyotçilarini boğlaydi. U qayerda yaşaşidan qatʼi nazar, Toşkentdan Torontogaça, dadil va zukko yoş özbeklar hamda markaziy osiyoliklarni birlaştiruvçi maydon sifatida öylangan; ularning bilimi va intilişlari köpinça umumiy uyi bölmagan holda dunyo böylab soçilib ketgan.

By bringing them together, the institute gives their insight a serious place in the development of the region, and ensures that its future is informed by those with the deepest stake in it. Its current research concentrates on Uzbekistan. Coverage of the other Central Asian states will follow as its staff and advisory council grow.Institut ularni jamlab, fikrlariga mintaqa taraqqiyotida jiddiy örin beradi hamda mintaqa kelajagi unga eng köp daxldor insonlar bilimiga tayanişini taʼminlaydi. Uning hozirgi tadqiqotlari asosan Özbekistonga qaratilgan. Xodimlari va maslahat kengaşi kengaygani sari Markaziy Osiyoning boşqa davlatlari ham qamrab olinadi.

PeopleJamoa

Leadership and governanceRahbariyat va boşqaruv

Kamronbek Khushev is the Founder and Executive Director of the Institute for Central Asian Affairs. Born in Uzbekistan and raised in Canada, he belongs to a generation of young Uzbeks who came of age abroad and are now turning their education and energy toward the region that shaped them. His research focuses on industrial policy, energy, and the future of Central Asia’s youth.Kamronbek Xuşev Markaziy Osiyo işlari institutining asosçisi va direktori. Özbekistonda tuğilib, Kanadada voyaga yetgan u xorijda ulğayib, endilikda bilimi va kuç-ğayratini özini şakllantirgan mintaqaga qaratayotgan yoş özbeklar avlodiga mansub. Uning tadqiqotlari sanoat siyosati, energetika va Markaziy Osiyo yoşlarining kelajagiga bağişlangan.

His best-known work sets out a vision of Uzbekistan’s industrial transformation, anchored by the region’s first ultra-pure copper refinery in Navoi and a decisive shift from exporting raw materials to producing high-value, technologically critical goods. It was selected by the Agency for Strategic Development and Reforms under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and published in Central Asia 2050, where the editors singled it out as a bold vision of industrial transformation. Its central argument is that a nation prospers when it stops exporting its talent and begins investing in it, and that the generation willing to stay and build is the country’s greatest resource.Uning eng maşhur işi Özbekiston sanoatini tubdan özgartiriş konsepsiyasini bayon etadi. Uning negizida mintaqada birinçi bölgan Navoiydagi öta toza mis işlab çiqariş zavodi hamda xomaşyo eksportidan yuqori qöşilgan qiymatli, texnologik jihatdan öta muhim mahsulotlar işlab çiqarişga qatʼiy ötiş turadi. Iş Özbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti huzuridagi Strategik rivojlaniş va islohotlar agentligi tomonidan tanlab olingan va Central Asia 2050 naşrida çop etilgan; muharrirlar uni sanoatni özgartirişning dadil konsepsiyasi sifatida alohida qayd etgan. Uning asosiy ğoyasi şunday: millat öz isteʼdodlarini çetga boy berişni töxtatib, ularga sarmoya kirita boşlaganda ravnaq topadi, yurtda qolib bunyod etişga tayyor avlod esa mamlakatning eng katta boyligidir.

His policy research extends beyond the region. He is the author of “Powering Strategic Autonomy: A Joint EU-Canada Nuclear Energy Partnership,” written for the Schuman Challenge 2026, as well as policy papers on global energy governance and on Uzbekistan’s economic reforms and development path.Uning tahliliy tadqiqotlari mintaqa bilan çeklanmaydi. U Schuman Challenge 2026 tanlovi uçun yozilgan “Powering Strategic Autonomy: A Joint EU-Canada Nuclear Energy Partnership” nomli iş, şuningdek global energetika boşqaruvi hamda Özbekistonning iqtisodiy islohotlari va taraqqiyot yöliga oid tahliliy maqolalar muallifidir.

Khushev studies Global and International Studies at Carleton University in Ottawa, specializing in Europe and Russia in the World. He is the founder of the Uzbek Youth Association of Canada and the Carleton Turkic Student Association. He also founded The Meros Project, an initiative to digitize the literary heritage of Central Asia: millennia of writing that helped shape the world and were long neglected. The project applies machine learning, including handwritten text recognition for manuscripts in historical scripts, natural language processing and neural machine translation, to turn those works into searchable, machine-readable texts for an increasingly digital age. He works in English, Uzbek, Russian, and Turkish.Xuşev Ottavadagi Carleton universitetida global va xalqaro tadqiqotlar yönalişida, “Yevropa va Rossiya dunyoda” ixtisosligi böyiça tahsil oladi. U Kanada özbek yoşlari uyuşmasi va Carleton universiteti turkiy talabalar uyuşmasining asosçisi. U şuningdek The Meros Project loyihasiga asos solgan. Bu taşabbus Markaziy Osiyoning adabiy merosini, yaʼni dunyo taraqqiyotiga taʼsir körsatgan va uzoq vaqt eʼtibordan çetda qolgan ming yilliklar davomidagi yozma merosni raqamlaştirişga qaratilgan. Loyiha maşinali öqitiş usullarini, jumladan tarixiy yozuvlardagi qölyozmalar matnini avtomatik taniş, tabiiy tilni qayta işlaş va neyron maşina tarjimasini qöllab, bu asarlarni tobora raqamlaşib borayotgan davr uçun qidiriş mumkin bölgan, maşina öqiy oladigan matnlarga aylantiradi. U ingliz, özbek, rus va turk tillarida işlaydi.

[Being formed][Şakllantirilmoqda]

Scholars and former diplomats who advise on the research agenda.Tadqiqot yönalişlari böyiça maslahat beradigan olimlar va sobiq diplomatlar.

[Being formed][Şakllantirilmoqda]

The researchers, team members and writers who carry out the institute's work.Institut işini olib boradigan tadqiqotçilar, jamoa aʼzolari va mualliflar.

ICAA/ContactAloqa

Write to the instituteInstitutga yozing

We welcome proposals, questions and corrections from scholars, officials, journalists and readers.Olimlar, mansabdor şaxslar, jurnalistlar va öquvçilarning takliflari, savollari va tuzatişlarini mamnuniyat bilan qabul qilamiz.

EmailElektron poçta

contact@icaa.institute

One address for every enquiry. Please say in the subject line what your message concerns.Barça murojaatlar uçun yagona manzil. Xat mavzusida murojaatingiz nima haqida ekanini körsating.

Reasons to writeMurojaat sabablari

What we can help withNima böyiça yoziş mumkin

01

Research and submissionsTadqiqot va maqolalar

Proposals for papers, translations and commentary, and comments on published work.Maqolalar, tarjimalar va şarhlar böyiça takliflar hamda naşr etilgan işlar yuzasidan fikr-mulohazalar.

02

Partnerships and eventsHamkorlik va tadbirlar

Universities, institutes and organisations interested in joint work.Hamkorlikda işlaşga qiziqqan universitetlar, institutlar va taşkilotlar.

03

MediaOmmaviy axborot vositalari

Requests for comment and interviews.Izoh va intervyu sörab murojaatlar.

04

Corrections and questionsTuzatişlar va savollar

Corrections to published work and general questions from readers.Naşr etilgan işlarga tuzatişlar va öquvçilarning umumiy savollari.

Where we areManzil

Ottawa, CanadaOttava, Kanada

[Mailing address][Poçta manzili]

BriefingQisqa tahlil

Canada and Uzbekistan: a small relationship with room to growKanada va Özbekiston: kiçik, ammo ösiş imkoniyati katta munosabatlar

Two-way goods trade was about US$33 million in 2025. The institutions that would support more are only now being built.2025-yilda ikki tomonlama tovar ayirboşlaş taxminan 33 million AQŞ dollarini taşkil etdi. Uni kengaytirişga xizmat qiladigan tuzilmalar endigina şakllanmoqda.

Parliament Hill, Ottawa, seen from the Ottawa River.

Parliament Hill, Ottawa, seen from the Ottawa River.Ottava daryosidan körinadigan Parlament tepaligi, Ottava. Photograph: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.Surat: Óðinn, CC BY-SA 2.5 CA.

Key pointsAsosiy xulosalar

  • Canada and Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations in 1992. Neither has a resident embassy in the other's capital.Kanada va Özbekiston 1992-yilda diplomatik munosabatlar örnatgan. Tomonlarning heç biri ikkinçisining poytaxtida elçixonaga ega emas.
  • In 2025 Canada exported US$21.3 million of goods to Uzbekistan and imported US$11.5 million.2025-yilda Kanada Özbekistonga 21,3 million dollarlik tovar eksport qildi va 11,5 million dollarlik tovar import qildi.
  • Canada's exports to Kazakhstan were more than five times larger, at US$113.9 million.Kanadaning Qozoğistonga eksporti beş baravardan köproq, yaʼni 113,9 million dollar böldi.
  • The largest Canadian presence is in energy, not goods: a Calgary company has operated eight Uzbek gas fields since 2024.Kanadaning eng yirik iştiroki tovar savdosida emas, energetikada: Kalgarida joylaşgan kompaniya 2024-yildan buyon Özbekistondagi sakkizta gaz konida operatorlik qilmoqda.

A thin institutional frameInstitutsional asos hali zaif

Canada has covered Uzbekistan from its embassy in Astana since 2024, with an honorary consulate in Tashkent. Uzbekistan covers Canada from its embassy in Washington. The only bilateral treaty we have identified is a convention for the avoidance of double taxation, signed in Ottawa on 17 June 1999.Kanada 2024-yildan buyon Özbekiston bilan aloqalarni Ostonadagi elçixonasi orqali olib boradi, Toşkentda esa faxriy konsulxonasi bor. Özbekiston Kanada bilan aloqalarni Vaşingtondagi elçixonasi orqali yuritadi. Biz aniqlagan yagona ikki tomonlama şartnoma 1999-yil 17-iyunda Ottavada imzolangan ikki yoqlama soliq solişning oldini oliş töğrisidagi konvensiyadir.

That may be changing. An Uzbek Senate delegation visited Ottawa in November 2025, and the two sides discussed opening embassies. Uzbekistan has also announced plans for a consulate general in Canada. As of November 2026 we have found no report that any of these missions has opened.Bu holat özgarişi mumkin. 2025-yil noyabrda Özbekiston Senati delegatsiyasi Ottavaga taşrif buyurdi va tomonlar elçixonalar oçiş masalasini muhokama qildi. Özbekiston Kanadada boş konsulxona oçiş rejasini ham eʼlon qilgan. 2026-yil noyabr holatiga köra, bu vakolatxonalardan birortasi oçilgani haqida xabar topilmadi.

What is tradedSavdo tarkibi

What Canada sells to Uzbekistan, 2025Kanada Özbekistonga nimalarni sotadi, 2025

Largest export groups, USD millionEng yirik eksport guruhlari, million AQŞ dollari

MachineryMaşina va uskunalar4.10InstrumentsÖlçov va tibbiy asboblar3.25VehiclesTransport vositalari2.40
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
Product groupMahsulot guruhiUSD millionMillion dollar
MachineryMaşina va uskunalar4.10
InstrumentsÖlçov va tibbiy asboblar3.25
VehiclesTransport vositalari2.40

Source: Canada-reported UN Comtrade data via Trading Economics, 2025.Manba: Kanada taqdim etgan BMT Comtrade maʼlumotlari, Trading Economics orqali, 2025.

What Canada buys from Uzbekistan, 2025Kanada Özbekistondan nimalarni sotib oladi, 2025

Largest import groups, USD millionEng yirik import guruhlari, million AQŞ dollari

FertilizersÖğitlar6.63AluminiumAlyuminiy1.95Fruit and nutsMeva va yonğoqlar1.88
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
Product groupMahsulot guruhiUSD millionMillion dollar
FertilizersÖğitlar6.63
AluminiumAlyuminiy1.95
Fruit and nutsMeva va yonğoqlar1.88

Source: Canada-reported UN Comtrade data via Trading Economics, 2025.Manba: Kanada taqdim etgan BMT Comtrade maʼlumotlari, Trading Economics orqali, 2025.

The exchange is machinery for commodities. Fertilizers made up more than half of Canada's imports from Uzbekistan in 2025. The figures come from a secondary aggregator of United Nations trade data and should be read as snapshots. A complete annual series in Canadian dollars has not been published in one place, and compiling it is among the institute's first tasks.Savdo maşina-uskunalarni xomaşyoga ayirboşlaşdan iborat. 2025-yilda Kanadaning Özbekistondan importining yarmidan köpini öğitlar taşkil etdi. Raqamlar BMT savdo maʼlumotlarini jamlovçi ikkilamçi manbadan olingan va ularni muayyan davrdagi holat sifatida qabul qiliş kerak. Kanada dollaridagi töliq yillik maʼlumotlar qatori hozirça bir joyda eʼlon qilinmagan va uni tuziş institutning ilk vazifalaridan biridir.

Where the potential liesImkoniyat qayerda

Canada's goods exports to two Central Asian markets, 2025Kanadaning Markaziy Osiyodagi ikki bozorga tovar eksporti, 2025

USD millionMillion AQŞ dollari

KazakhstanQozoğiston113.93UzbekistanÖzbekiston21.32
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
MarketBozorUSD millionMillion dollar
KazakhstanQozoğiston113.93
UzbekistanÖzbekiston21.32

Source: Canada-reported UN Comtrade data via Trading Economics, 2025.Manba: Kanada taqdim etgan BMT Comtrade maʼlumotlari, Trading Economics orqali, 2025.

Condor Energies of Calgary reported C$80.7 million in 2025 sales from its Uzbek gas operations, more than all two-way goods trade. Investment and services, not merchandise, are where this relationship is growing. The contrast with Kazakhstan shows how much room remains.Kalgaridagi Condor Energies kompaniyasi 2025-yilda Özbekistondagi gaz konlaridan 80,7 million Kanada dollari miqdorida daromad olganini maʼlum qildi. Bu ikki tomonlama tovar savdosining butun hajmidan köp. Demak, munosabatlar tovar savdosida emas, sarmoya va xizmatlarda ösmoqda. Qozoğiston bilan taqqoslaş esa qança imkoniyat borligini körsatadi.

ExplainerTuşuntiriş

Uzbekistan's revised alphabet: what changes on 22 April 2027Özbekistonning yangilangan alifbosi: 2027-yil 22-aprelda nima özgaradi

Four letters change and the alphabet settles at 28. This site already uses the new letters in its Uzbek edition.Törtta harf özgaradi va alifbo 28 harfdan iborat böladi. Uşbu saytning özbekça naşri yangi harflardan allaqaçon foydalanmoqda.

Signposts in Uzbek at the Tashkent Botanical Garden.

Signposts in Uzbek at the Tashkent Botanical Garden.Toşkent Botanika boğidagi özbekça yöl körsatkiçlari. Photograph: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Miss Kamola, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Key pointsAsosiy xulosalar

  • Law No. OʻRQ-1184 was signed on 21 October 2026 and enters into force on 22 April 2027.OʻRQ-1184-sonli qonun 2026-yil 21-oktabrda imzolandi va 2027-yil 22-aprelda kuçga kiradi.
  • Oʻ becomes Ö, Gʻ becomes Ğ, Sh becomes Ş and Ch becomes Ç.Oʻ harfi Ö ga, Gʻ harfi Ğ ga, Sh birikmasi Ş ga va Ch birikmasi Ç ga almaşadi.
  • Existing documents, currency and signs remain valid during the transition.Ötiş davrida amaldagi hujjatlar, pul belgilari va peşlavhalar öz kuçini saqlab qoladi.

Oʻ oʻÖ ö

Oʻzbekiston
Özbekiston

Gʻ gʻĞ ğ

Fargʻona
Farğona

Sh shŞ ş

Toshkent
Toşkent

Ch chÇ ç

choy
çoy

The reform applies the principle of one sound, one letter. It ends the use of the apostrophe-like mark and of two-letter combinations for single sounds, which had made Uzbek awkward to type, search and sort. The combination ng is no longer listed as a separate unit of the alphabet, and no other letter changes.Islohot bir tovuşga bir harf tamoyiliga asoslanadi. U bitta tovuşni ifodalaş uçun tutuq belgisiga öxşaş belgi va ikki harfli birikmalardan foydalanişga çek qöyadi. Bu holat özbek tilida matn teriş, qidiriş va saralaşni qiyinlaştirar edi. ng birikmasi endi alifboning alohida birligi sifatida körsatilmaydi, boşqa harflar esa özgarmaydi.

The lower house of parliament passed the bill on 7 July 2026 and the Senate approved it on 10 September. A government programme will set the timetable for the transition. In early November 2026 state bodies and most media were still writing in the 1995 spelling, so readers will see both for some time.Parlamentning quyi palatasi qonun loyihasini 2026-yil 7-iyulda qabul qildi, Senat esa 10-sentabrda maʼqulladi. Ötiş jadvalini hukumat dasturi belgilaydi. 2026-yil noyabr boşida davlat idoralari va ommaviy axborot vositalarining aksariyati hali 1995-yilgi imloda yozmoqda edi, şuning uçun öquvçilar bir muddat ikkala imloni ham köradi.

The institute publishes its Uzbek edition in the revised alphabet from its first day. We believe a new institute should begin as the language will continue.Institut özbekça naşrini birinçi kundan boşlab yangilangan alifboda çiqaradi. Bizning fikrimizça, yangi institut işni til kelajakda qanday yozilsa, şunday boşlaşi kerak.

Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahlili

Uzbekistan's trade in 2025: two partners, two exportsÖzbekistonning 2025-yildagi savdosi: ikki hamkor, ikki eksport mahsuloti

Turnover reached a record USD 81.2 billion. China and Russia account for more than a third of it, and gold and services for more than half of exports.Savdo aylanmasi rekord darajaga, yaʼni 81,2 milliard dollarga yetdi. Uning uçdan biridan köproği Xitoy va Rossiya hissasiga, eksportning yarmidan köpi esa oltin va xizmatlarga töğri keladi.

Key pointsAsosiy xulosalar

  • Foreign trade turnover has roughly tripled since 2017.Taşqi savdo aylanmasi 2017-yildan buyon taxminan uç baravar oşdi.
  • China supplied 31.2% of imports but took only 7.3% of exports. Russia was the largest export market at 12.8%.Importning 31,2 foizi Xitoydan keldi, ammo eksportning atigi 7,3 foizi Xitoyga töğri keldi. Eng yirik eksport bozori 12,8 foiz bilan Rossiya böldi.
  • Gold and services together made up 58% of everything Uzbekistan sold abroad.Oltin va xizmatlar birgalikda Özbekiston çetga sotgan barça mahsulotning 58 foizini taşkil etdi.

Exports and importsEksport va import

Goods and services, USD billion, 2020 to 2025Tovarlar va xizmatlar, milliard AQŞ dollari, 2020-2025

  • ExportsEksport
  • ImportsImport
010203040502020202120222023202433.847.42025
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilExportsEksportImportsImport
2020202015.121.1
2021202116.725.5
2022202219.330.7
2023202324.938.7
2024202427.340.0
2025202533.847.4

Source: Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (stat.uz), annual foreign trade releases. 2025 is preliminary; 2017 and 2019 are rounded.Manba: Özbekiston Statistika agentligi (stat.uz), taşqi savdo böyiça yillik hisobotlar. 2025-yil dastlabki; 2017 va 2019-yillar yaxlitlangan.

The growth is real, and so is the concentration. An economy that sells mostly gold and services, and buys a third of its imports from one country, is exposed to prices and decisions it does not control. That is the context for Uzbekistan's long effort to join the World Trade Organization and to deepen its agreement with the European Union.Ösiş haqiqiy, ammo savdoning bir neça yönalişda töplanib qolgani ham haqiqat. Asosan oltin va xizmatlar sotadigan hamda importining uçdan birini bitta mamlakatdan oladigan iqtisodiyot özi nazorat qilmaydigan narxlar va qarorlarga boğliq bölib qoladi. Özbekistonning Jahon savdo taşkilotiga aʼzo böliş va Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan kelişuvini çuqurlaştiriş borasidagi uzoq yillik saʼy-harakatlari aynan şu bilan izohlanadi.

Uzbekistan's ten largest trading partners, 2025Özbekistonning önta eng yirik savdo hamkori, 2025

Trade turnover, USD billion. Uzbekistan traded with 210 countries; these ten account for about 58% of the total, a share calculated by ICAA.Savdo aylanmasi, milliard AQŞ dollari. Özbekiston 210 ta mamlakat bilan savdo qilgan; uşbu öntalik umumiy hajmning taxminan 58 foizini taşkil etadi (ICAA hisobi).

ChinaXitoy17.2RussiaRossiya13.0KazakhstanQozoğiston5.0TürkiyeTurkiya3.0South KoreaJanubiy Koreya1.7AfghanistanAfğoniston1.7GermanyGermaniya1.4FranceFransiya1.4IndiaHindiston1.3United Arab EmiratesBirlaşgan Arab Amirliklari1.3
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
PartnerHamkorUSD billionMilliard dollar
ChinaXitoy17.2
RussiaRossiya13.0
KazakhstanQozoğiston5.0
TürkiyeTurkiya3.0
South KoreaJanubiy Koreya1.7
AfghanistanAfğoniston1.7
GermanyGermaniya1.4
FranceFransiya1.4
IndiaHindiston1.3
United Arab EmiratesBirlaşgan Arab Amirliklari1.3

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo and by Dunyo news agency. Values from the fourth partner down are rounded in the source.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo va Dunyo axborot agentligi xabarlari asosida. Törtinçi örindan boşlab qiymatlar manbada yaxlitlangan.

Where exports go and where imports come from, 2025Eksport qayerga ketadi va import qayerdan keladi, 2025

Each country's share of Uzbekistan's exports and of its imports, per cent. The two lists in the source name different countries.Har bir mamlakatning Özbekiston eksporti va importidagi uluşi, foizda. Manbadagi ikki röyxatda turli mamlakatlar keltirilgan.

  • Share of exportsEksportdagi uluşi
  • Share of importsImportdagi uluşi
Share of exportsEksportdagi uluşiShare of importsImportdagi uluşiChinaXitoy7.3%31.2%RussiaRossiya12.8%18.3%KazakhstanQozoğiston4.6%7.2%AfghanistanAfğoniston4.5%not reportedkörsatilmaganTürkiyeTurkiya3.4%4.0%South KoreaJanubiy Koreyanot reportedkörsatilmagan3.5%GermanyGermaniyanot reportedkörsatilmagan2.7%FranceFransiya2.6%not reportedkörsatilmaganIndiaHindistonnot reportedkörsatilmagan2.4%KyrgyzstanQirğiziston2.3%not reportedkörsatilmaganUnited Arab EmiratesBAA2.1%not reportedkörsatilmaganTajikistanTojikiston2.0%not reportedkörsatilmaganPakistanPokiston1.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
CountryMamlakatShare of exportsEksportdagi uluşiShare of importsImportdagi uluşi
ChinaXitoy7.3%31.2%
RussiaRossiya12.8%18.3%
KazakhstanQozoğiston4.6%7.2%
AfghanistanAfğoniston4.5%not reportedkörsatilmagan
TürkiyeTurkiya3.4%4.0%
South KoreaJanubiy Koreyanot reportedkörsatilmagan3.5%
GermanyGermaniyanot reportedkörsatilmagan2.7%
FranceFransiya2.6%not reportedkörsatilmagan
IndiaHindistonnot reportedkörsatilmagan2.4%
KyrgyzstanQirğiziston2.3%not reportedkörsatilmagan
United Arab EmiratesBAA2.1%not reportedkörsatilmagan
TajikistanTojikiston2.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan
PakistanPokiston1.0%not reportedkörsatilmagan

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo xabari asosida.

What Uzbekistan sells abroad, 2025Özbekiston çetga nimalarni sotadi, 2025

Share of exports of goods and services, per cent. Textiles, counted across the goods groups, were 7.8% of exports; fruit and vegetables, within food, were 6.3%.Tovar va xizmatlar eksportidagi uluşi, foizda. Barça tovar guruhlari böyiça jamlab hisoblanganda, töqimaçilik mahsulotlari eksportning 7,8 foizini, oziq-ovqat tarkibidagi meva-sabzavot esa 6,3 foizini taşkil etdi.

29.3%GoldOltinUSD 9.9 billion9,9 mlrd dollarServices, 28.9%Xizmatlar, 28.9%14.5%TravelSayohat xizmatlari9.5%TransportTransport xizmatlari2.7%Telecommunications and ITTelekommunikatsiya va AT2.2%Other servicesBoşqa xizmatlarGoods other than gold, 41.8%Oltindan boşqa tovarlar, 41.8%11.8%Industrial goodsSanoat tovarlari8.7%Food and live animalsOziq-ovqat va tirik hayvonlar6.3%ChemicalsKimyo mahsulotlari5.6%Other goodsBoşqa tovarlar5.0%Finished goodsTayyor mahsulotlar4.4%Mineral fuelsMineral yoqilği
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
CategoryToifaShare of exportsEksportdagi uluşi
GoldOltin29.3%
TravelSayohat xizmatlari14.5%
TransportTransport xizmatlari9.5%
Telecommunications and ITTelekommunikatsiya va AT2.7%
Other servicesBoşqa xizmatlar2.2%
Industrial goodsSanoat tovarlari11.8%
Food and live animalsOziq-ovqat va tirik hayvonlar8.7%
ChemicalsKimyo mahsulotlari6.3%
Other goodsBoşqa tovarlar5.6%
Finished goodsTayyor mahsulotlar5.0%
Mineral fuelsMineral yoqilği4.4%

Source: National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, January to December 2025 (preliminary, released 21 January 2026), as reported by Daryo. The split of services and "Other goods" are calculated by ICAA from the reported shares.Manba: Özbekiston Milliy statistika qömitasi, 2025-yil yanvar-dekabr (dastlabki, 2026-yil 21-yanvarda eʼlon qilingan), Daryo xabari asosida. Xizmatlar taqsimoti va "Boşqa tovarlar" eʼlon qilingan uluşlar asosida ICAA tomonidan hisoblangan.

The Statistics Agency revises these figures after first release, so the 2025 numbers should be treated as preliminary.Statistika agentligi bu körsatkiçlarni dastlabki eʼlondan keyin qayta körib çiqadi, şu bois 2025-yil raqamlarini dastlabki deb hisoblaş lozim.

BriefingQisqa tahlil

Two unfinished files: the WTO and the European UnionIkki yakunlanmagan jarayon: Jahon savdo taşkiloti va Yevropa Ittifoqi

Uzbekistan is close to completing both, and has completed neither. Precision about their status matters.Özbekiston ikkala jarayonni ham yakunlaşga yaqin, ammo heç birini tugatgani yöq. Ularning holati haqida aniq gapiriş muhim.

The Centre William Rappard in Geneva, home of the World Trade Organization.

The Centre William Rappard in Geneva, home of the World Trade Organization.Jenevadagi Centre William Rappard, Jahon savdo taşkiloti qarorgohi. Photograph: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Jérémy Toma, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Key pointsAsosiy xulosalar

  • Uzbekistan is not a member of the World Trade Organization. It applied in 1994.Özbekiston Jahon savdo taşkiloti aʼzosi emas. U aʼzolikka 1994-yilda ariza bergan.
  • The accession Working Party held its 13th meeting on 27 and 28 July 2026.Aʼzo böliş böyiça Işçi guruh 13-yiğilişini 2026-yil 27-28-iyul kunlari ötkazdi.
  • The partnership agreement with the European Union was signed on 24 October 2025. Ratification is still in progress.Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan şeriklik töğrisidagi bitim 2025-yil 24-oktabrda imzolandi. Ratifikatsiya jarayoni hali davom etmoqda.

Bilateral market access agreements depositedTaqdim etilgan ikki tomonlama bozorga kiriş bitimlari

Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization, as of the July 2026 Working Party meetingÖzbekistonning Jahon savdo taşkilotiga aʼzo böliş jarayoni, 2026-yil iyuldagi Işçi guruh yiğilişi holatiga köra

31 / 34

View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
MeasureKörsatkiçValueQiymat
Agreements depositedTaqdim etilgan bitimlar31 / 34

Source: World Trade Organization, Working Party on the accession of Uzbekistan, 27 to 28 July 2026.Manba: Jahon savdo taşkiloti, Özbekistonning aʼzo bölişi böyiça Işçi guruh, 2026-yil 27-28-iyul.

At the July 2026 meeting, 31 bilateral market access agreements had been deposited, and the chair described that part of the negotiation as very close to conclusion. In early November 2026 Uzbekistan was preparing for a 14th meeting.2026-yil iyuldagi yiğilişda bozorga kiriş böyiça 31 ta ikki tomonlama bitim taqdim etilgan edi va rais muzokaralarning bu qismini yakunga juda yaqin deb baholadi. 2026-yil noyabr boşida Özbekiston 14-yiğilişga tayyorgarlik körmoqda edi.

The Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the European Union replaces an agreement that dates from the 1990s. The European Parliament gave its consent on 20 May 2026, and member states were still ratifying in November. It is correct to say the agreement is signed. It is not yet correct to say it is in force.Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan Kengaytirilgan şeriklik va hamkorlik töğrisidagi bitim 1990-yillarda tuzilgan bitim örnini egallaydi. Yevropa Parlamenti 2026-yil 20-mayda unga rozilik berdi, aʼzo davlatlar esa noyabrda ham ratifikatsiyani davom ettirmoqda edi. Bitim imzolangan deyiş töğri. Uni kuçga kirgan deyiş esa hozirça töğri emas.

Both files matter to Canada. Membership of the World Trade Organization would give Canadian exporters and investors a rules-based partner, and the European agreement sets a standard that other partners will be measured against.Ikkala jarayon ham Kanada uçun ahamiyatli. Jahon savdo taşkilotiga aʼzolik Kanada eksportçilari va sarmoyadorlariga qoidalar asosida iş yuritadigan hamkor beradi, Yevropa bilan bitim esa boşqa hamkorlar uçun mezon bölib xizmat qiladi.

Data noteMaʼlumotlar tahlili

Central Asia's fastest opening, in two chartsMarkaziy Osiyoda eng tez oçilayotgan iqtisodiyot: ikki diagrammada

Uzbekistan's trade, remittances, visitor numbers and foreign investment have all risen sharply since 2020, and growth is forecast near 8 per cent.Özbekistonning savdosi, pul ötkazmalari, xorijliklar taşrifi va xorijiy investitsiyalari 2020-yildan buyon keskin oşdi, ösiş esa 8 foizga yaqin bölişi kutilmoqda.

Key pointsAsosiy xulosalar

  • The economy grew by 7.7% in 2025, and the IMF forecasts 7.8% for 2026.Iqtisodiyot 2025-yilda 7,7 foizga ösdi, XVJ esa 2026-yil uçun 7,8 foizni prognoz qilmoqda.
  • Remittances roughly tripled between 2020 and 2025, to USD 18.9 billion.Pul ötkazmalari 2020-2025-yillar oraliğida taxminan uç baravar oşib, 18,9 milliard dollarga yetdi.
  • Foreign visitor trips reached 11.7 million in 2025, most of them from neighbouring states.Xorijliklarning taşriflari soni 2025-yilda 11,7 millionga yetdi, ularning aksariyati qöşni davlatlardan.

Real GDP growth in UzbekistanÖzbekistonda YIMning real ösişi

Annual change, per cent. The hollow point is a forecast.Yillik özgariş, foizda. Içi böş nuqta prognozni bildiradi.

IMF forecastXVJ prognozi0%2%4%6%8%10%2017201820191.6%20208.2%20212022202320247.7%2025Pandemic yearPandemiya yili7.8%2026
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilReal GDP growthYIM ösişi
201720174.7%
201820185.7%
201920196.8%
202020201.6%
202120218.2%
202220226.1%
202320236.3%
202420246.7%
202520257.7%
2026 (IMF forecast)2026 (XVJ prognozi)7.8%

Source: World Bank country data sheet, 2017 to 2025; IMF forecast for 2026, October 2026, as reported by Kun.uz.Manba: Jahon bankining mamlakat böyiça maʼlumotnomasi, 2017-2025; XVJning 2026-yil uçun prognozi, 2026-yil oktabr, Kun.uz xabari asosida.

Growth has stayed above 6 per cent in every year since the pandemic. The more telling change is in how the economy connects to the world outside it.Pandemiyadan keyingi har bir yilda ösiş 6 foizdan yuqori böldi. Bundan ham muhimroq özgariş iqtisodiyotning taşqi dunyo bilan qanday boğlanayotganida körinadi.

Four measures of an opening economyOçilayotgan iqtisodiyotning tört körsatkiçi

Uzbekistan, 2020 to 2025. Each panel has its own scale. Gaps mark years with no figure found.Özbekiston, 2020-2025. Har bir panelning öz ölçovi bor. Böş joylar körsatkiç topilmagan yillarni bildiradi.

Trade turnoverSavdo aylanmasiUSD 81.2 bnx2.2 since 20202020-yildan buyon x2.220202025Remittance inflowsPul ötkazmalariUSD 18.9 bnx3.1 since 20202020-yildan buyon x3.120202025Foreign visitor tripsXorijliklar taşrifi11.68 millionx7.8 since 20202020-yildan buyon x7.820202025Foreign direct investmentTöğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalarUSD 4.40 bnx1.9 since 20212021-yildan buyon x1.920202025
View the data as a tableMaʼlumotlarni jadval körinişida köriş
YearYilTrade turnoverSavdo aylanmasiRemittance inflowsPul ötkazmalariForeign visitor tripsXorijliklar taşrifiForeign direct investmentTöğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalar
2020202036.36.01.50
2021202142.28.11.882.28
2022202250.05.232.50
2023202363.511.46.632.16
2024202467.214.87.962.98
2025202581.218.911.684.40

Sources: Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (trade, visitor trips); Central Bank data via Kun.uz and Gazeta.uz (remittances); UNCTAD (foreign direct investment).Manbalar: Özbekiston Statistika agentligi (savdo, xorijliklar taşrifi); Markaziy bank maʼlumotlari, Kun.uz va Gazeta.uz orqali (pul ötkazmalari); UNCTAD (töğridan-töğri xorijiy investitsiyalar).

These measures count different things and should not be added together. Visitor figures count trips, not people. The investment series follows the United Nations definition, which is far narrower than the government's own headline figure. Read side by side, they describe one direction of travel.Bu körsatkiçlar turli narsalarni ölçaydi va ularni qöşib bölmaydi. Taşriflar soni odamlarni emas, safarlarni hisoblaydi. Investitsiyalar qatori BMT taʼrifiga asoslanadi va u hukumatning asosiy körsatkiçidan ança tor. Yonma-yon qaralganda esa ular bitta yönalişni körsatadi.

CommentaryŞarh

Canada should open an embassy in TashkentKanada Toşkentda elçixona oçişi kerak

A country of 39 million people at the centre of its region deserves more than coverage from another capital.Öz mintaqasining markazida joylaşgan 39 million aholili mamlakat boşqa poytaxtdan turib olib boriladigan aloqalardan köproğiga loyiq.

Amir Temur Square, Tashkent.

Amir Temur Square, Tashkent.Amir Temur xiyoboni, Toşkent. Photograph: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Adam Harangozó, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Canada manages its relations with Uzbekistan from Astana. Before 2024 it managed them from Moscow. In more than three decades of diplomatic relations there has never been a Canadian ambassador resident in Tashkent.Kanada Özbekiston bilan munosabatlarini Ostonadan turib yuritadi. 2024-yilgaça esa Moskvadan yuritgan. Öttiz yildan ortiq diplomatik munosabatlar davomida Toşkentda qarorgohi bölgan Kanada elçisi heç qaçon bölmagan.

That arrangement made sense for a small relationship. It makes less sense now. Uzbekistan's economy grew by 7.7 per cent in 2025. It hosts summits with the European Union, signs border treaties with its neighbours and is in the last stage of joining the World Trade Organization. A Canadian company already earns more from Uzbek gas than the two countries trade in goods.Bunday tartib kiçik munosabatlar uçun örinli edi. Hozir esa u özini oqlamaydi. Özbekiston iqtisodiyoti 2025-yilda 7,7 foizga ösdi. Mamlakat Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan sammitlarga mezbonlik qilmoqda, qöşnilari bilan çegara şartnomalarini imzolamoqda va Jahon savdo taşkilotiga aʼzo bölişning sönggi bosqiçida turibdi. Kanada kompaniyasi allaqaçon Özbekiston gazidan ikki mamlakat örtasidagi tovar savdosidan köproq daromad olmoqda.

Embassies are not rewards for trade that already exists. They are how trade, study and trust begin. Canada's exports to Kazakhstan, where it has an embassy, are more than five times its exports to Uzbekistan. Presence is part of the reason.Elçixonalar mavjud savdo uçun beriladigan mukofot emas. Savdo, taʼlim va işonç aynan ulardan boşlanadi. Kanadaning elçixonasi bor Qozoğistonga eksporti Özbekistonga eksportidan beş baravardan köp. Buning sabablaridan biri aynan joyida hozir bölişdir.

Both parliaments have said they want embassies opened. The moment to act on that is while the interest is mutual.Ikkala parlament ham elçixonalar oçilişini istaşini bildirgan. Buni amalga oşiriş uçun eng qulay payt qiziqiş ikki tomonlama bölib turgan hozirgi vaqtdir.

The Institute for Central Asian Affairs does not take institutional positions on policy issues. The views expressed in commentary are those of their authors.Markaziy Osiyo işlari instituti siyosat masalalari böyiça muassasa sifatida pozitsiya bildirmaydi. Şarhlardagi qaraşlar mualliflarning öziga tegişli.

CommentaryŞarh

A literature the world has not yet readDunyo hali öqimagan adabiyot

Uzbekistan's writers and thinkers are almost absent from English. Changing that is not charity. It is how a country becomes understood.Özbekiston yozuvçilari va mutafakkirlari ingliz tilida deyarli yöq. Buni özgartiriş xayriya emas. Mamlakat dunyoga aynan şu yöl bilan tuşunarli böladi.

The National Library of Uzbekistan, Tashkent.

The National Library of Uzbekistan, Tashkent.Özbekiston Milliy kutubxonasi, Toşkent. Photograph: Davide Mauro, CC BY-SA 4.0.Surat: Davide Mauro, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ask a well-read person in Ottawa or London to name an Uzbek novelist and the answer is usually silence. The silence is not a judgment on the literature. It is a measure of how little of it has been translated.Ottava yoki Londondagi köp kitob öqigan odamdan biror özbek yozuvçisining nomini sörasangiz, odatda javob bölmaydi. Bu sukut adabiyotga berilgan baho emas. U uşbu adabiyotning naqadar kam tarjima qilinganini körsatadi.

A country is known abroad through three things: what its government says, what foreigners write about it, and what its own people have written. For Uzbekistan the third is nearly missing in English. The Jadid reformers who argued about schooling, sovereignty and the modern world a century ago, several of whom were executed in 1938, remain known mainly to specialists.Mamlakatni çet elda uç narsa orqali taniydilar: hukumati nima deyişi, xorijliklar u haqda nima yozişi va öz xalqi nimalar yozgani orqali. Özbekiston uçun uçinçisi ingliz tilida deyarli yöq. Bir asr oldin taʼlim, suverenitet va zamonaviy dunyo haqida bahs yuritgan, bir neçtasi 1938-yilda qatl etilgan jadid islohotçilari hanuz asosan mutaxassislargagina maʼlum.

Translation is slow, unglamorous work, and it is the work that lasts. A policy brief is read for a season. A good translation is read for generations, and it changes what every later brief can assume its reader knows.Tarjima sekin va közga taşlanmaydigan mehnat, ammo aynan şu mehnat uzoq yaşaydi. Tahliliy xulosa bir mavsum öqiladi. Yaxşi tarjima esa avlodlar davomida öqiladi va keyingi har bir tahlil öquvçisi nimalarni bilişiga taʼsir qiladi.

An institute that wants the world to understand Uzbekistan should begin with Uzbekistan's own words.Dunyo Özbekistonni tuşunişini istagan institut işni Özbekistonning öz sözlaridan boşlaşi kerak.

The Institute for Central Asian Affairs does not take institutional positions on policy issues. The views expressed in commentary are those of their authors.Markaziy Osiyo işlari instituti siyosat masalalari böyiça muassasa sifatida pozitsiya bildirmaydi. Şarhlardagi qaraşlar mualliflarning öziga tegişli.